今天換個玩法，不繼續(xù)深入探索 Raspbian 系統(tǒng)了，研究一下官網(wǎng)推薦的另一種安裝方法 NOOBS。
那么什么是 NOOBS 呢？它是專為 Raspberry pi 打造的簡單易用的圖形界面的操作系統(tǒng)管理工具。全稱為：New Out Of the Box Software。
官方截圖如下：
http://wiki.jikexueyuan.com/project/raspberry-pi-funny/images/n.png" alt="" />
本工具的初衷就是簡化 Raspberry pi 安裝系統(tǒng)的繁瑣，因為 Raspberry pi 的板子買來是不帶系統(tǒng)的，我們需要額外購買 SDCard 來安裝系統(tǒng)。對很多新手來說，命令行的東西肯定是沒有圖形界面來得簡單易懂。正是由于每個 sdcard 上面代表著安裝好的系統(tǒng)，我們可以通過多買幾個 sdcard 就可以持續(xù)性的體驗不同的系統(tǒng)，只需通過換個 sdcard 搞定，真是特別方便。下面來說說我是如果在另一張 8G 卡用 NOOBS 安裝系統(tǒng) Raspbian 的。
官網(wǎng)鏈接，記得自己是在 Ubuntu 下用 Firefox 瀏覽器下載的，可以斷點續(xù)傳。
如果你的 SDCard 本來就是 FAT32 文件系統(tǒng)，那么跳過這一步。不要被這一步嚇到，如果不用格式化，那么NOOBS安裝只需要三步：下載、解壓、在 Raspberry pi 上啟動。
Linux 下將 SDCard 格式化成 Fat32 文件系統(tǒng)。用 fdisk 命令，需要 root 權(quán)限，或者 sudo。插上 SDCard 卡，執(zhí)行如下命令：
#fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sdb: 8054 MB, 8054112256 bytes
49 heads, 29 sectors/track, 11070 cylinders, total 15730688 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 8192 15730687 7861248 b W95 FAT32 看來我的 8G 卡現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是 FAT32 系統(tǒng)了，而且就這一個分區(qū)。不要緊，過程我還是要執(zhí)行一遍。
#fdisk /dev/sdb1
Command (m for help): d
No partition is defined yet!
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb1: 8049 MB, 8049917952 bytes
248 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1022 cylinders, total 15722496 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-15722495, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-15722495, default 15722495):
Using default value 15722495 Tips：回車（Enter）鍵選擇默認(rèn)項。
Tips:Enter is means you select default option.
上面創(chuàng)建了一個主分區(qū)，1 號分區(qū)。并且設(shè)置了啟動和結(jié)束的扇區(qū)值。我們再來看看創(chuàng)建的情況：
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb1: 8049 MB, 8049917952 bytes
248 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1022 cylinders, total 15722496 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1p1 2048 15722495 7860224 83 Linux 好的，我們的分區(qū)類型是 linux，下面我們再把它轉(zhuǎn)換成 FAT32。
Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list codes): l //attention!This is L! Not number 1.
0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris
1 FAT12 27 Hidden NTFS Win 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
2 XENIX root 39 Plan 9 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3 XENIX usr 3c PartitionMagic 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4 FAT16 <32M 40 Venix 80286 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx
5 Extended 41 PPC PReP Boot 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data
6 FAT16 42 SFS 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT 4d QNX4.x 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility
8 AIX 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt
9 AIX bootable 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access
a OS/2 Boot Manag 50 OnTrack DM 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O
b W95 FAT32 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor
c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52 CP/M a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs
e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a5 FreeBSD ee GPT
f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
10 OPUS 55 EZ-Drive a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
11 Hidden FAT12 56 Golden Bow a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor
12 Compaq diagnost 5c Priam Edisk a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 61 SpeedStor ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary
16 Hidden FAT16 63 GNU HURD or Sys af HFS / HFS+ fb VMware VMFS
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 64 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE
18 AST SmartSleep 65 Novell Netware b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto
1b Hidden W95 FAT3 70 DiskSecure Mult bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX be Solaris boot ff BBT
1e Hidden W95 FAT1 80 Old Minix
Hex code (type L to list codes): b
Changed system type of partition 1 to b (W95 FAT32)
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb1: 8049 MB, 8049917952 bytes
248 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1022 cylinders, total 15722496 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1p1 2048 15722495 7860224 b W95 FAT32 此時需要將新的分區(qū)寫入到 sdcard，使用 w 命令：
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 22: Invalid argument.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
WARNING: If you have created or modified any DOS 6.x
partitions, please see the fdisk manual page for additional
information.
Syncing disks.
mkfs.vfat /dev/sdb1
mkfs.vfat 3.0.12 (29 Oct 2011)
mkfs.vfat: /dev/sdb1 contains a mounted file system. 值得注意的是，我上面的 format 操作貌似沒有成功。因為在 sdcard 中還可以看到原有文件，也許是因為寫保護(hù)？還是什么別的原因？好像我的一系列操作都沒有成功似的。
如果 SDCard 本來就是 FAT32 系統(tǒng)，那么直接就可以做這一步，這也就是用 NOOBS 工具安裝系統(tǒng)的方便之所在。
解壓過程：此時我在 sdcard 的目錄下，直接執(zhí)行 unzip。
unzip ~/raspberrypi/NOOBS_v1_3_10.zip
Archive: ~/raspberrypi/NOOBS_v1_3_10.zip
inflating: BUILD-DATA
inflating: INSTRUCTIONS-README.txt
extracting: RECOVERY_FILES_DO_NOT_EDIT
inflating: bootcode.bin
creating: defaults/
creating: defaults/slides/
inflating: defaults/slides/A.png
creating: os/
creating: os/Raspbian/
inflating: os/Raspbian/root.tar.xz
inflating: os/Raspbian/boot.tar.xz
inflating: os/Raspbian/partition_setup.sh
extracting: os/Raspbian/Raspbian.png
creating: os/Raspbian/slides_vga/
inflating: os/Raspbian/slides_vga/G.png
inflating: os/Raspbian/slides_vga/B.png
inflating: os/Raspbian/slides_vga/C.png
inflating: os/Raspbian/slides_vga/D.png
inflating: os/Raspbian/slides_vga/E.png
inflating: os/Raspbian/slides_vga/F.png
inflating: os/Raspbian/slides_vga/A.png
inflating: os/Raspbian/partitions.json
inflating: os/Raspbian/flavours.json
extracting: os/Raspbian/Raspbian_-_Boot_to_Scratch.png
inflating: os/Raspbian/os.json
inflating: os/Raspbian/release_notes.txt
creating: os/Data_Partition/
extracting: os/Data_Partition/Data_Partition.png
inflating: os/Data_Partition/partitions.json
inflating: os/Data_Partition/os.json
extracting: os/Data_Partition/data.tar.xz
inflating: recovery.cmdline
inflating: recovery.elf
inflating: recovery.img
inflating: recovery.rfs
inflating: riscos-boot.bin 現(xiàn)在可以把 SDCard 從電腦上退下來，插到板子上，加電啟動。如下圖所示：
http://wiki.jikexueyuan.com/project/raspberry-pi-funny/images/n1.png" alt="" />
http://wiki.jikexueyuan.com/project/raspberry-pi-funny/images/n2.png" alt="" />
http://wiki.jikexueyuan.com/project/raspberry-pi-funny/images/n3.png" alt="" />
http://wiki.jikexueyuan.com/project/raspberry-pi-funny/images/n4.png" alt="" />
在安裝中，拷貝速度是 1.4MB/s,明顯比直接用 dd 命令將 img 拷貝到 sdcard 中慢。
經(jīng)過漫長的安裝過程，終于成功了。啟動畫面與上一季完全一樣。
http://wiki.jikexueyuan.com/project/raspberry-pi-funny/images/n5.png" alt="" />
參考： 官方安裝文檔：http://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/installation/noobs.md
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