Java連接PostgreSQL數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)

在Java程序中使用PostgreSQL之前，我們需要確保在機(jī)器上安裝了PostgreSQL JDBC和Java。 您可以在機(jī)器上檢查是否正確安裝了Java：Java教程。 現(xiàn)在我們來(lái)看一下如何設(shè)置PostgreSQL JDBC驅(qū)動(dòng)。

• 從postgresql-jdbc存儲(chǔ)庫(kù)下載最新版本的postgresql-(VERSION).jdbc.jar。

• 在類路徑中添加下載的jar文件postgresql-(VERSION).jdbc.jar，或者您可以使用-classpath選項(xiàng)，如下面的例子所述。

Java連接到PostgreSQL數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)

以下Java代碼顯示如何連接到現(xiàn)有數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。 如果數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)不存在，那么它將被創(chuàng)建，最后將返回一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)對(duì)象。

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;

public class PostgreSQLJDBC {
   public static void main(String args[]) {
      Connection c = null;
      try {
         Class.forName("org.postgresql.Driver");
         c = DriverManager
            .getConnection("jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/testdb",
            "postgres", "123");
      } catch (Exception e) {
         e.printStackTrace();
         System.err.println(e.getClass().getName()+": "+e.getMessage());
         System.exit(0);
      }
      System.out.println("Opened database successfully");
   }
}

在編譯并運(yùn)行上述程序之前，請(qǐng)?jiān)赑ostgreSQL安裝目錄中找到pg_hba.conf文件并添加以下行：

# IPv4 local connections:
host    all         all         127.0.0.1/32          md5

您可以啟動(dòng)/重新啟動(dòng)postgres服務(wù)器，使用以下命令運(yùn)行：

[root@host]# service postgresql restart
Stopping postgresql service:                               [  OK  ]
Starting postgresql service:                               [  OK  ]

現(xiàn)在，我們來(lái)編譯并運(yùn)行上面的程序來(lái)獲得與testdb的連接。 在這里使用用戶ID為postgres和密碼為123來(lái)訪問(wèn)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。 您可以根據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)配置和設(shè)置進(jìn)行更改。 我們還假定當(dāng)前版本的JDBC驅(qū)動(dòng)程序postgresql-9.2-1002.jdbc3.jar在當(dāng)前路徑中(c:\tools\)可用。

C:\JavaPostgresIntegration>javac PostgreSQLJDBC.java
C:\JavaPostgresIntegration>java -cp c:\tools\postgresql-9.2-1002.jdbc3.jar;C:\JavaPostgresIntegration PostgreSQLJDBC
Open database successfully

創(chuàng)建表

以下Java程序?qū)⒂糜谠谥按蜷_的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中創(chuàng)建一個(gè)表。確保目標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中沒(méi)有此表。

import java.sql.*;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.Statement;


public class PostgreSQLJDBC {
   public static void main( String args[] )
     {
       Connection c = null;
       Statement stmt = null;
       try {
         Class.forName("org.postgresql.Driver");
         c = DriverManager
            .getConnection("jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/testdb",
            "manisha", "123");
         System.out.println("Opened database successfully");

         stmt = c.createStatement();
         String sql = "CREATE TABLE COMPANY " +
                      "(ID INT PRIMARY KEY     NOT NULL," +
                      " NAME           TEXT    NOT NULL, " +
                      " AGE            INT     NOT NULL, " +
                      " ADDRESS        CHAR(50), " +
                      " SALARY         REAL)";
         stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
         stmt.close();
         c.close();
       } catch ( Exception e ) {
         System.err.println( e.getClass().getName()+": "+ e.getMessage() );
         System.exit(0);
       }
       System.out.println("Table created successfully");
     }
}

編譯和執(zhí)行程序時(shí)，將在testdb數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中創(chuàng)建COMPANY表，并顯示以下兩行：

Opened database successfully
Table created successfully

插入數(shù)據(jù)操作

以下Java程序顯示了如何在上述示例中創(chuàng)建的COMPANY表中創(chuàng)建/插入數(shù)據(jù)記錄：

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.Statement;

public class PostgreSQLJDBC {
   public static void main(String args[]) {
      Connection c = null;
      Statement stmt = null;
      try {
         Class.forName("org.postgresql.Driver");
         c = DriverManager
            .getConnection("jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/testdb",
            "manisha", "123");
         c.setAutoCommit(false);
         System.out.println("Opened database successfully");

         stmt = c.createStatement();
         String sql = "INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) "
               + "VALUES (1, 'Paul', 32, 'California', 20000.00 );";
         stmt.executeUpdate(sql);

         sql = "INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) "
               + "VALUES (2, 'Allen', 25, 'Texas', 15000.00 );";
         stmt.executeUpdate(sql);

         sql = "INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) "
               + "VALUES (3, 'Teddy', 23, 'Norway', 20000.00 );";
         stmt.executeUpdate(sql);

         sql = "INSERT INTO COMPANY (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) "
               + "VALUES (4, 'Mark', 25, 'Rich-Mond ', 65000.00 );";
         stmt.executeUpdate(sql);

         stmt.close();
         c.commit();
         c.close();
      } catch (Exception e) {
         System.err.println( e.getClass().getName()+": "+ e.getMessage() );
         System.exit(0);
      }
      System.out.println("Records created successfully");
   }
}

程序編譯執(zhí)行后，將在COMPANY表中創(chuàng)建/插入給定的記錄，并顯示以下兩行：

Opened database successfully
Records created successfully

SELECT操作

以下Java程序顯示了如何從上述示例中創(chuàng)建的COMPANY表中獲取和顯示記錄：

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.Statement;


public class PostgreSQLJDBC {
   public static void main( String args[] )
     {
       Connection c = null;
       Statement stmt = null;
       try {
       Class.forName("org.postgresql.Driver");
         c = DriverManager
            .getConnection("jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/testdb",
            "manisha", "123");
         c.setAutoCommit(false);
         System.out.println("Opened database successfully");

         stmt = c.createStatement();
         ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery( "SELECT * FROM COMPANY;" );
         while ( rs.next() ) {
            int id = rs.getInt("id");
            String  name = rs.getString("name");
            int age  = rs.getInt("age");
            String  address = rs.getString("address");
            float salary = rs.getFloat("salary");
            System.out.println( "ID = " + id );
            System.out.println( "NAME = " + name );
            System.out.println( "AGE = " + age );
            System.out.println( "ADDRESS = " + address );
            System.out.println( "SALARY = " + salary );
            System.out.println();
         }
         rs.close();
         stmt.close();
         c.close();
       } catch ( Exception e ) {
         System.err.println( e.getClass().getName()+": "+ e.getMessage() );
         System.exit(0);
       }
       System.out.println("Operation done successfully");
     }
}

程序編譯執(zhí)行時(shí)，會(huì)產(chǎn)生以下結(jié)果：

Opened database successfully
ID = 1
NAME = Paul
AGE = 32
ADDRESS = California
SALARY = 20000.0

ID = 2
NAME = Allen
AGE = 25
ADDRESS = Texas
SALARY = 15000.0

ID = 3
NAME = Teddy
AGE = 23
ADDRESS = Norway
SALARY = 20000.0

ID = 4
NAME = Mark
AGE = 25
ADDRESS = Rich-Mond
SALARY = 65000.0

Operation done successfully

更新操作

以下Java代碼顯示了如何使用UPDATE語(yǔ)句來(lái)更新指定記錄，然后從COMPANY表中獲取和顯示更新的記錄：

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.Statement;


public class PostgreSQLJDBC {
   public static void main( String args[] )
     {
       Connection c = null;
       Statement stmt = null;
       try {
       Class.forName("org.postgresql.Driver");
         c = DriverManager
            .getConnection("jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/testdb",
            "manisha", "123");
         c.setAutoCommit(false);
         System.out.println("Opened database successfully");

         stmt = c.createStatement();
         String sql = "UPDATE COMPANY set SALARY = 25000.00 where ID=1;";
         stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
         c.commit();

         ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery( "SELECT * FROM COMPANY;" );
         while ( rs.next() ) {
            int id = rs.getInt("id");
            String  name = rs.getString("name");
            int age  = rs.getInt("age");
            String  address = rs.getString("address");
            float salary = rs.getFloat("salary");
            System.out.println( "ID = " + id );
            System.out.println( "NAME = " + name );
            System.out.println( "AGE = " + age );
            System.out.println( "ADDRESS = " + address );
            System.out.println( "SALARY = " + salary );
            System.out.println();
         }
         rs.close();
         stmt.close();
         c.close();
       } catch ( Exception e ) {
         System.err.println( e.getClass().getName()+": "+ e.getMessage() );
         System.exit(0);
       }
       System.out.println("Operation done successfully");
     }
}

程序編譯執(zhí)行時(shí)，會(huì)產(chǎn)生以下結(jié)果：

Opened database successfully
ID = 2
NAME = Allen
AGE = 25
ADDRESS = Texas
SALARY = 15000.0

ID = 3
NAME = Teddy
AGE = 23
ADDRESS = Norway
SALARY = 20000.0

ID = 4
NAME = Mark
AGE = 25
ADDRESS = Rich-Mond
SALARY = 65000.0

ID = 1
NAME = Paul
AGE = 32
ADDRESS = California
SALARY = 25000.0

Operation done successfully

刪除操作

以下Java代碼顯示了如何使用DELETE語(yǔ)句刪除指定記錄，然后從COMPANY表中獲取并顯示剩余的記錄：

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.Statement;


public class PostgreSQLJDBC6 {
   public static void main( String args[] )
     {
       Connection c = null;
       Statement stmt = null;
       try {
       Class.forName("org.postgresql.Driver");
         c = DriverManager
            .getConnection("jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/testdb",
            "manisha", "123");
         c.setAutoCommit(false);
         System.out.println("Opened database successfully");

         stmt = c.createStatement();
         String sql = "DELETE from COMPANY where ID=2;";
         stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
         c.commit();

         ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery( "SELECT * FROM COMPANY;" );
         while ( rs.next() ) {
            int id = rs.getInt("id");
            String  name = rs.getString("name");
            int age  = rs.getInt("age");
            String  address = rs.getString("address");
            float salary = rs.getFloat("salary");
            System.out.println( "ID = " + id );
            System.out.println( "NAME = " + name );
            System.out.println( "AGE = " + age );
            System.out.println( "ADDRESS = " + address );
            System.out.println( "SALARY = " + salary );
            System.out.println();
         }
         rs.close();
         stmt.close();
         c.close();
       } catch ( Exception e ) {
         System.err.println( e.getClass().getName()+": "+ e.getMessage() );
         System.exit(0);
       }
       System.out.println("Operation done successfully");
     }
}

程序編譯執(zhí)行時(shí)，會(huì)產(chǎn)生以下結(jié)果：

Opened database successfully
ID = 3
NAME = Teddy
AGE = 23
ADDRESS = Norway
SALARY = 20000.0

ID = 4
NAME = Mark
AGE = 25
ADDRESS = Rich-Mond
SALARY = 65000.0

ID = 1
NAME = Paul
AGE = 32
ADDRESS = California
SALARY = 25000.0
Operation done successfully