目前,nginx軟件包可用于以下發(fā)行版和版本:
RHEL/CentOS:
版本 | 支持的平臺 |
---|---|
5.x | x86_64, i386 |
6.x | x86_64, i386 |
7.x | x86_64, ppc64le |
Debian:
版本 | 代碼名稱(codename ) |
支持的平臺 |
---|---|---|
7.x | wheezy | x86_64, i386 |
8.x | jessie | x86_64, i386 |
Ubuntu:
版本 | 代碼名稱(codename ) |
支持的平臺 |
---|---|---|
12.04 | precise | x86_64, i386 |
14.04 | trusty | x86_64, i386, aarch64/arm64 |
16.04 | xenial | x86_64, i386, ppc64el |
16.10 | yakkety | x86_64, i386 |
SLES:
版本 | 支持的平臺 |
---|---|
12 | x86_64 |
要實(shí)現(xiàn)Linux軟件包的自動更新,可以為RHEL/CentOS發(fā)行版設(shè)置yum
存儲庫,Debian/Ubuntu
發(fā)行版的apt
存儲庫,以及SLES的zypper
存儲庫。
在本文中,我們重點(diǎn)以Debian/Ubuntu
發(fā)行版的apt
存儲庫作為一個(gè)演示,并在Ubuntu
系統(tǒng)上安裝Nginx。
要設(shè)置RHEL/CentOS
的yum存儲庫,需要創(chuàng)建一個(gè)名稱為/etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo
的文件,其中包含以下內(nèi)容:
[nginx]
name=nginx repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/OS/OSRELEASE/$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
根據(jù)所使用的分配,將“OS
”替換為“rhel
”或“centos
”,對于5.x
,6.x
或7.x
,請將“OSRELEASE
”替換為“5
”,“6
”或“7
” 版本。
有關(guān)于如何查看系統(tǒng)版本 -
[root@localhost nginx-1.10.3]# lsb_release -a
bash:lsb_release: command not found
[root@localhost nginx-1.10.3]# yum install lsb –y
[root@localhost nginx-1.10.3]# lsb_release -a
LSB Version: :core-4.1-amd64:core-4.1-noarch:cxx-4.1-amd64:cxx-4.1-noarch:desktop-4.1-amd64:desktop-4.1-noarch:languages-4.1-amd64:languages-4.1-noarch:printing-4.1-amd64:printing-4.1-noarch
Distributor ID: CentOS
Description: CentOS Linux release 7.3.1611 (Core)
Release: 7.3.1611
Codename: Core
[root@localhost nginx-1.10.3]#
第二種方法:
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.3.1611 (Core)
[root@localhost ~]#
對于Debian/Ubuntu,為了驗(yàn)證nginx存儲庫簽名,并且在安裝nginx軟件包時(shí)消除關(guān)于缺少PGP密鑰的警告,必須將用于將nginx軟件包和存儲庫簽署的密鑰添加到apt
程序密鑰環(huán)中。 請從Nginx官方網(wǎng)站下載密鑰:http://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key , 并使用以下命令將其添加到apt
程序密鑰環(huán):
sudo apt-key add nginx_signing.key
Debian系統(tǒng)則將Debian代碼替換為Debian發(fā)行版代碼(codename
),并將以下內(nèi)容附加到/etc/apt/sources.list
文件的末尾:
deb http://nginx.org/packages/debian/ codename nginx
deb-src http://nginx.org/packages/debian/ codename nginx
對于Ubuntu將Ubuntu發(fā)行版代號替換codename
,并將以下內(nèi)容附加到/etc/apt/sources.list
文件的末尾:
deb http://nginx.org/packages/ubuntu/ codename nginx
deb-src http://nginx.org/packages/ubuntu/ codename nginx
對于Debian / Ubuntu,請運(yùn)行以下命令:
apt-get update
apt-get install nginx
對于SLES,運(yùn)行以下命令:
zypper addrepo -G -t yum -c 'http://nginx.org/packages/sles/12' nginx
包源碼包可以在包源碼源碼庫中找到: http://hg.nginx.org/pkg-oss?_ga=1.85593177.1509956953.1490042234 。
默認(rèn)分支保存當(dāng)前主線版本的包源碼,而stable-*
分支則用于穩(wěn)定版本的最新的源碼包。 要構(gòu)建二進(jìn)制包,可在Debian/Ubuntu
上的debian/
目錄中或在RHEL/CentOS/SLES
上的rpm/SPECS/
中運(yùn)行make
命令。
包源碼分布在與nginx相同的2
條BSD類許可證下。
對于Debian/Ubuntu,為了驗(yàn)證nginx存儲庫簽名,并且在安裝nginx軟件包時(shí)消除關(guān)于缺少PGP密鑰的警告,必須將用于將nginx軟件包和存儲庫簽署的密鑰添加到apt
程序密鑰環(huán)中。 請從Nginx官方網(wǎng)站下載密鑰:http://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key , 并使用以下命令將其添加到apt
程序密鑰環(huán):
yiibai@ubuntu:~$ wget -c http://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key
--2017-03-31 20:13:06-- http://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key
Resolving nginx.org (nginx.org)... 95.211.80.227, 206.251.255.63, 2001:1af8:4060:a004:21::e3, ...
Connecting to nginx.org (nginx.org)|95.211.80.227|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 1561 (1.5K) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘nginx_signing.key’
nginx_signing.key 100%[===================>] 1.52K --.-KB/s in 0s
2017-03-31 20:13:06 (105 MB/s) - ‘nginx_signing.key’ saved [1561/1561]
yiibai@ubuntu:~$ ls
nginx_signing.key
yiibai@ubuntu:~$
yiibai@ubuntu:~$ sudo apt-key add nginx_signing.key
查看 Ubuntu發(fā)行版代號,使用以下命令 -
yiibai@ubuntu:~$ sudo lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description: Ubuntu 16.04.1 LTS
Release: 16.04
Codename: xenial
yiibai@ubuntu:~$
Ubuntu將Ubuntu發(fā)行版代號替換codename
,并將以下兩行內(nèi)容附加到/etc/apt/sources.list
文件的末尾:
deb http://nginx.org/packages/ubuntu/ xenial nginx
deb-src http://nginx.org/packages/ubuntu/ xenial nginx
如下所示 -
現(xiàn)在,可以運(yùn)行下面命令來安裝nginx了:
yiibai@ubuntu:~$ sudo apt-get update
Get:1 http://nginx.org/packages/ubuntu xenial InRelease [3,589 B]
Hit:2 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial InRelease
Get:3 http://nginx.org/packages/ubuntu xenial/nginx Sources [4,139 B]
Get:4 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates InRelease [102 kB]
Get:5 http://nginx.org/packages/ubuntu xenial/nginx amd64 Packages [7,012 B]
Get:6 http://nginx.org/packages/ubuntu xenial/nginx i386 Packages [6,999 B]
Get:7 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports InRelease [102 kB]
Get:8 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security InRelease [102 kB]
Fetched 328 kB in 5s (61.3 kB/s)
Reading package lists... Done
yiibai@ubuntu:~$
yiibai@ubuntu:~$ sudo apt-get install nginx
... ...
... ...
Selecting previously unselected package nginx.
(Reading database ... 54601 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../nginx_1.10.3-1~xenial_amd64.deb ...
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Thanks for using nginx!
Please find the official documentation for nginx here:
* http://nginx.org/en/docs/
Commercial subscriptions for nginx are available on:
* http://nginx.com/products/
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Unpacking nginx (1.10.3-1~xenial) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) ...
Processing triggers for systemd (229-4ubuntu7) ...
Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-19) ...
Setting up nginx (1.10.3-1~xenial) ...
Processing triggers for systemd (229-4ubuntu7) ...
Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-19) ...
配置文件默認(rèn)會被安裝到: /etc/nginx
目錄下 -
1. 啟動 Nginx 測試 -
yiibai@ubuntu:~$ sudo /etc/init.d/nginx
Usage: /etc/init.d/nginx {start|stop|status|restart|reload|force-reload|upgrade|configtest|check-reload}
yiibai@ubuntu:~$ sudo /etc/init.d/nginx start
[ ok ] Starting nginx (via systemctl): nginx.service.
yiibai@ubuntu:~$
2. 查詢nginx進(jìn)程
yiibai@ubuntu:~$ ps -ef | grep nginx
root 9933 1 0 20:36 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/sbi n/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
nginx 9938 9933 0 20:36 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
yiibai 9978 8461 0 20:40 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx
yiibai@ubuntu:~$
上面輸出結(jié)果中,master
就代表該進(jìn)程是nginx的主進(jìn)程,它的進(jìn)程ID是:9933
。
3. 停止nginx
要停止Nginx,可以使用以下命令 -
kill -QUIT 主進(jìn)程號
本例中就是 : kill -QUIT 9933
當(dāng)然還有通用的停止進(jìn)程的命令,那就是暴力停止了。kill -9 進(jìn)程號
kill一個(gè)進(jìn)程,在查詢一下進(jìn)程是否還存在,一個(gè)個(gè)的kill,全部kill完就可以了。
4. 測試nginx服務(wù)
打開瀏覽器或或在終端上使用 curl localhost
訪問目標(biāo)服務(wù)器,如下 -
或在終端上使用:curl localhost
-
yiibai@ubuntu:~$ curl localhost
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
body {
width: 35em;
margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
yiibai@ubuntu:~$